Introduction to the genealogy of the surname Zhu
After Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, he also compiled a royal genealogy in accordance with the regulations of the past dynasties, called the Jade Certificate. The imperial court had a dedicated official to manage it, called the Zongrenfu. , recording the lineage of royal family members. Due to the war, no jade ultimatum from the Ming Dynasty has survived.
The compilation of family trees is a major event for each family. The Zhu family's family trees are generally compiled once every 20 or 30 years, which is called genealogy. When compiling a family tree, the whole clan or the entire family sets up a general bureau. The person in charge of the compilation of the family tree is called Pudong, and the accountant in charge of finance is called Yindong. The following branches set up branch bureaus, and the branch offices also have Pudong and Yindong. Each office also needs to send people to be responsible for entry, copying, and proofreading. The branch office is responsible for filling in the number of persons in each household, as well as birth and marriage information, and charges a certain handling fee. The General Administration compiles the materials from the branch offices, asks someone to compile them, and prints them. When receiving the genealogy, the whole clan will hold a banquet to celebrate, and nearby families and officials will also send people to congratulate. There is one copy of the family tree for each household and must be kept properly. In order to ensure the accuracy of the genealogy, genealogy verification is conducted every few years. The genealogy verification is presided over by the clan leader, who investigates the collection of genealogy of each household. Anyone who damages the genealogy will be severely punished.
Compilation of genealogy
The historical Zhu surname, like other surnames in China, attaches great importance to the compilation of the history of the surname. When the earliest Zhu family genealogy was established, there is insufficient information. However, as the oldest and largest family in the southeast of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, the Zhu surname has a family history and genealogy.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the study of genealogy flourished. At this time, the genealogy surname Zhu was not only hidden in private homes, but also in the national collection, and even circulated publicly to the world. Therefore, when Ouyang of the Song Dynasty compiled "New Book of Tang Dynasty: Genealogy List of Prime Ministers", it was possible to sort out the lineage of the Zhu family of Pei State, Prime Minister Zhu Jingze. Lin Bao of the Tang Dynasty's "Yuanhe Surname Compilation" should also refer to the Zhu family genealogy to compile the "Zhu surname" article.
Zhu Xi, a master of Neo-Confucianism, also attached great importance to the study of family history. After he became famous, he led the Fujian people to Wuyuan, Anhui Province to search for their roots and visit their ancestors. He also personally edited the "Wuyuan Tea Garden Zhu Family Genealogy" and wrote the preface to the genealogy. His attitude of attaching importance to family history set an example for future generations of the Zhu family.
In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the practice of genealogy revision with the surname Zhu became more popular, and famous genealogists such as Zhu Ciqi of the Zhu family in Jiujiang, Nanhai Province were produced. On the basis of inheriting the genealogical achievements of his predecessors, Zhu Ciqi proposed a systematic compilation style, emphasized the empirical method of genealogy revision, and compiled a model work of genealogies in the Qing Dynasty, "Nanhai Jiujiang Zhu Family Genealogy", which is known as "A master in the development of genealogy in the Qing Dynasty" (see "Zhu Ciqi, a Genealogy Scholar in the Qing Dynasty" by Feng Erkang in the third volume of "Research on Genealogy").
After liberation, the compilation of genealogies of the Zhu surname in mainland China was temporarily discontinued, but in Hong Kong and Taiwan, there are still public or privately printed genealogies of the Zhu family. Today, the trend of genealogy revision has quietly emerged in the mainland of the motherland. As far as the author knows, there are many new genealogies of the surname Zhu. For example, the "Zhu Family Genealogy" compiled by Ziyang Hall in Cenchuan, Pingjiang, Hunan Province in 1991, and the "Zhu Family Genealogy" compiled by Ziyang Hall in Yingcheng, Hubei Province in 1993 are representative newly revised genealogies.
The content of the genealogy
The style and classification of each Zhu family genealogy vary, and the details of the content are also different, but they are basically the same. Most of the general Zhu family genealogies have the following contents:
(1) Genealogy name, (2) Genealogy preface, (3) Table of contents, (4) Examples, (5) Enronglu, ( 6) Portraits and tributes to portraits, (7) Pictures of the Five Clothes, (8) Family rules and regulations, (9) Lineage of clan branches, (10) Genealogy, (11) Records of official appointments, (12) Family biography, (13) Ancestral temples, (14) tombs, (15) art and literature, (16) family property, (17) sect language, (18) postscript, (19) font size of the official genealogy, (20) miscellaneous records, etc., *** About 20 categories. It can be seen that the genealogy is quite a chronicle, and its content is extremely rich. It records the origin of the family name, lineage, migration, marriage, clan members' deeds, economic status, funerals, sacrificial rituals, family rules and laws, etc. It can be said that genealogy is an encyclopedia of traditional Chinese clan culture.
The name of the genealogy, the name of the genealogy of the surname Zhu is called "Zhu Family Tree" or "Zhu Family Tree". In addition, some are called "Zhipu", while others are called "Tongpu" or "Tongpu". Some genealogies also indicate the region or clan branch in detail in their names, such as "The Genealogy of the Zhu Family in Jiujiang, Nanhai" compiled by Zhu Ciqi, and the "Genealogy of the Zhu Family in Ziyang and Jian'an" and "The Genealogy of the Ziyang Zhu Family Wulin Sect".
Genealogy Preface
The genealogy preface is a very valuable article in the genealogy. A genealogy often has multiple prefaces, most of which are written by famous scholars and politicians who have connections with the family (such as relatives and friends). The content of the genealogy preface article mostly discusses the importance of the genealogy, the history of the genealogy of the family, and the origin of the family name. There are a very large number of Zhu family genealogy prefaces that have been preserved in history and can be found in various Zhu family genealogies or in collections of various dynasties. Among them, the most famous and widely circulated one is the "Preface to the Genealogy of the Duo Family in Wuyuan Tea Garden" written by Zhu Xi. This genealogy preface is also called "Xin'an Zhu Family Genealogy Preface" and is found in most genealogies with the surname Zhu.
Preservation of genealogy
Chinese people have a very sacred attitude towards genealogy. People of various clans often collect their family trees as sacred objects, and the surname Zhu is no exception.
The extent to which the surname Zhu cherishes the genealogy can be reflected from the article "Legging Genealogy Family Rules" contained in the "Zhu Family Genealogy" of Hunan Ziyang Hall in the Renshen year of Tongzhi.
"Family Rules for Ling Genealogy"
The genealogy is a legal artifact of the whole family. The name of the ancestors remains, and the mountain where they are buried remains. The numbers assigned must be treated as treasures. Whenever you need to read the score, you should wash your hands and burn incense, wipe a few tables, then unpack the score and read it with your eyes. After reading, count the parts and store them in the music box. It is not allowed to dig out or add ink or dirt, and it is not allowed to spread to people with different surnames. Every winter solstice, everyone holds family trees and goes to the ancestral hall. After paying homage to their ancestors, they preach on housekeeping and the genealogy is about to be verified. If the person who receives the genealogy cannot produce accurate music, he is a traitor to his ancestors. In addition to punishment according to family law, a wise person should be selected to take charge. Those who dig out and repair the filth will be fined five taels of silver and sent to the temple. However, when verifying the genealogy, it is necessary to have people who have always acted impartially to verify the genealogy. They are not allowed to commit adultery and cause harm. Anyone who violates the rule will be punished by a common deliberation. Now we have compiled the title of "The ancestors' sacrifices lasted for a long time, and Sun's skills multiplied and revitalized the family's reputation", and it was divided into fourteen volumes. The manuscript booklet was compiled with the title of "Filial Filial Piety, Harmony in Marriage and Renzi", and the title of each house was collected and stored. I would like to list the font names separately at the end, so as not to be exchanged with each other, which may lead to repeated collection and partial elimination, as a punishment. Be careful, be careful.
As a result, a large number of genealogies surnamed Zhu were rescued from the fire of the "Cultural Revolution" and the ashes of the "Sweeping out the Four Olds", providing very precious information and basis for our root tracing and research today.
Today, there are many domestic and foreign public and private collections and newly compiled genealogies of the surname Zhu. Among them, the Beijing Library alone has 72 genealogies of the surname Zhu. Its number of genealogies ranks ninth among all surnames. However, there are more genealogies of the surname Zhu in the "Chinese Genealogy Catalog of the Utah Genealogical Society of America", reaching 88, ranking sixth among all surnames. According to the "Chinese Genealogy Catalog" published by Shanxi People's Publishing House, there are 60 genealogies of the surname Zhu in 771 volumes and 71,652 pages collected by the Chinese Genealogy Data Research Center of the Shanxi Academy of Social Sciences.
Generations of the surname Zhu
Generations of royal surnames in the Ming Dynasty
The 20 characters formulated by Zhu Yuanzhang for the descendants of King Min of Qin Zhu Chong are:
"Shang Zhigong is honest and sincere, but retains respect and friendship. His successors are honest and upright, and they will always be trustworthy."
The descendants of King Zhu Fang of Jin Dynasty are:
"Ji Mei Zhong Qi Biao, knowing new things with caution and sensitivity, looking at the heart and admiring the scenery, expounding knowledge and continuing to cultivate" is the 20-character slogan of the school.
Descendants of Chu King Zhu Zhen, with 20 words such as:
"Meng Jijun is glorious, his talent is magnificent, his talents are promoted, his soil is rich, and he has made great achievements". language.
The descendants of Zhu Gui, the king of the dynasty, have 20 characters as their sect motto:
"If you become a wise man, you will be a good man, you will be a good man, you will be a good person, you will be a good person, and you will be a strong foundation". .
The descendants of King Zhu Ou of Qing Dynasty are based on 20 characters including:
"The rank is high and the platform is set up, Ni Shen is handsome and handsome, the time is over because of the great growth, and the family members are in need of Kun" and other 20 words. Tribe language is used to distinguish Zhao Mu.
The descendants of Zhu Han used the following 20 words as the school's slogan:
"Endow quality Xi Xiongchang, Congxing explain fortune, be sincere and harmonious to encourage Henan, expand Jiyu Zhenxiang" and other 20 words as the school's slogan. .
The descendants of Zhu Song, King of Han, have 20 characters as their motto: "Chong Fan Zheng and Kai Xu, Rong Mo Lang Jing Kui, Dan Shao Yu Hao Fu, Ling Xu worth Fan Wei". .
The descendants of Zhu Mo, King of Shen, were determined by Zhu Yuanzhang:
"The young people interpret the virtues of Yin, the rational principles return to the world, the source is clear and the sun shines, and the jade is clear and clear" etc. 20 The characters are the language of this clan.
The descendants of King Zhu Tong of the Tang Dynasty were designated by Zhu Yuanzhang:
"Qiong Zhi is the universe, the great instrument is Yu Linju, the Qi Ling Meng Song style, the Jiali Xie inscription map" The other 20 words are the slang of this department.
The descendants of King Zhu (Muyi) of Yi, according to Taizu’s decision:
“Yu Yie Mian went to criticize the canon, praised Ke and picked Fengchen, and should be awarded the title of Zhouxuan, Kun The 20 characters including "Jade Crown Spring Gold" are the slang of this family.
The descendants of Zhu Song, King of Han, have 20 characters as their motto: "Chong Fan Zheng and Kai Xu, Rong Mo Lang Jing Kui, Dan Shao Yu Hao Fu, Ling Xu worth Fan Wei". .