A large number of general undergraduate colleges and universities will transform into application-oriented colleges in 2022
The "Notice of the State Council on Issuing the National Vocational Education Reform Implementation Plan" has been publicly released recently. The "Notice" proposes that vocational education should be placed in a more prominent position in educational reform and innovation and economic and social development. By 2022, a large number of ordinary undergraduate colleges and universities will transform into application-oriented ones, and 50 high-level higher vocational schools and 150 higher vocational schools will be built. Key majors (group).
The "Notice" points out that as our country enters a new stage of development, the important status and role of vocational education has become increasingly prominent. However, compared with developed countries, compared with the requirements of building a modern economic system and building an educational power, my country's vocational education still has problems such as insufficient system construction, vocational skills training base construction that needs to be strengthened, institutional standards that are not perfect enough, and enterprises' participation in running schools. . Problems such as insufficient motivation and supporting policies that are conducive to the growth of technical and skilled talents need to be improved. It is time to make great efforts to solve these problems.
The "Notice" points out that without the modernization of vocational education, there will be no educational modernization. It will take about 5 to 10 years for vocational education to basically complete the transformation from being mainly organized by the government to being managed by the government and diversified social education, from pursuing scale expansion to improving quality, and from referring to the general education model to corporate social participation, The transformation of type-based education with distinctive professional characteristics has greatly improved the modernization level of vocational education in the new era and provided high-quality talent resource support to promote economic and social development and improve national competitiveness.
The "Notice" requires that by 2022, the teaching conditions of vocational colleges will basically meet the standards, a large number of ordinary undergraduate colleges and universities will transform to application-oriented, and 50 high-level higher vocational schools and 150 backbone majors (groups) will be built. ). Establish a Chinese vocational education standard system that covers most industry fields and has an internationally advanced level. The enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in vocational education has been greatly improved. Tens of thousands of enterprises integrating industry and education have been cultivated, a number of excellent vocational education and training evaluation organizations have been created, and the construction of 300 high-level professional integrated industry-education practices with radiating and leading roles has been promoted. training base. In principle, practical teaching hours in vocational colleges account for more than half of the total hours, and on-the-job internships generally last for 6 months. "Double-qualified" teachers (teachers with both theoretical teaching and practical teaching abilities) account for more than half of the total number of teachers in professional courses, and a group of teaching innovation teams of vocational education teachers are established by major. Starting from 2019, the pilot program of the "academic certificate + several vocational skill level certificates" system (hereinafter referred to as the 1+X certificate system pilot) will be launched in vocational colleges and applied undergraduate universities.
The "Notice" proposed twenty implementation measures, among which the improvement of the vocational education system was placed in the first place, including improving the national vocational education system framework, improving the development level of secondary vocational education, and promoting higher education. Develop high-quality vocational education, improve the training system for high-level applied talents, especially improve the modern vocational education system that pays equal attention to academic education and training, and smooth the growth channels for technical and skilled talents.
The "Notice" requires the establishment of national standards for vocational education, improvement of relevant standards for education and teaching, launching the pilot work of the 1+X certificate system to deepen the training model of compound technical skills talents, and at the same time carrying out high-quality vocational training to accelerate Promote the construction of a national "credit bank" for vocational education. Starting from 2019, we will explore the establishment of personal learning accounts for vocational education to make learning results traceable, queryable and convertible.
The "Notice" points out that it is necessary to promote the integration of industry and education into the "dual education" of schools and enterprises, adhere to the integration of knowledge and action, and the integration of work and learning, promote comprehensive and in-depth cooperation between schools and enterprises, and create a number of high-level practical training bases. Multiple measures are taken simultaneously to create a "double-qualified" teaching team. Starting from 2019, relevant professional teachers in vocational colleges and applied undergraduate universities will in principle be openly recruited from personnel with more than 3 years of corporate work experience and higher vocational education or above. Special high-skilled talents (including those with senior professional qualifications or above) Personnel) can appropriately relax their academic requirements, and starting from 2020, they will basically no longer recruit fresh graduates.
The "Notice" clearly clarifies the construction of a diversified school-running pattern and the improvement of technical and technical talent protection policies. These include promoting enterprises and social forces to organize high-quality vocational education, optimizing the evaluation organization of vocational education and training, improving the treatment level of technical and skilled talents, improving the funding mechanism, establishing and improving the quality evaluation and supervision and evaluation system of vocational education, etc.