The United States’ neighbors include Canada and Mexico, and it faces Russia, Cuba, and the Bahamas across the sea. The United States' northern neighbor is Canada, and its southern neighbor is Mexico. The United States is located in the center of North America, and its territory also includes Alaska in the northwest of North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the central Pacific.
United States:
The United States of America, referred to as "the United States", is a federal government and a constitutional country composed of Washington, DC, 50 states, Guam and many other overseas territories. The main part is located in the middle of North America. The total area of the United States is 9.373 million square kilometers according to the original version of the CIA's "World Factbook" from 1989 to 1996. English is commonly spoken and it is a country of immigrants.
①United States and Canada: The national border between the United States and Canada is the 49th parallel in the north.
Part of the border between the United States and Canada uses the 49th parallel as the dividing line. Due to the good relations between the United States and Canada, this border has now become the longest undefended border in the world. The border between the two countries is 8,900 kilometers long, including the border between Canada and the US state of Alaska.
② The United States and Mexico: The border between the two countries is 3,169 kilometers long. The eastern section is bounded by the Rio Grande River, the middle section passes through the Sonoran Desert and Chihuahuan Desert, and the western section passes through San Diego and Tibet. The scenery from the Warner metropolitan area to the Pacific coast is varied, ranging from bustling urban areas to endless desert areas.
The current U.S.-Mexico border was established after the U.S.-Mexico War in 1848. It is currently the busiest border in the world. About 2.5 million people legally pass through the border between the two countries every year, and a large number of illegal immigrants pour into the United States. and serious drug crime problems have become important issues in U.S.-Mexico relations.
③United States and Cuba: The shortest straight-line distance between Varadero in the north of Cuba and Key West in the south of Florida in the United States is about 145 kilometers.
④United States and Russia: Omid Islands in the Bering Strait. This archipelago belongs to the United States and Russia. The largest island is called Great Omid Island, which belongs to Chu under the Russian Far East Federal District. It is under the jurisdiction of the Kochi National Autonomous Region. The smaller island is called Little Diomede Island, covering an area of about 7 square kilometers and falling under the jurisdiction of the state of Alaska in the United States. The straight-line distance between the two places is less than 4km.
Canada:
Canada is located in the northern part of North America. It is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, Alaska to the northwest, the continental United States to the south, and the Arctic Ocean to the north. Most of the climate is subarctic coniferous forest climate and humid continental climate, and the northern polar region has a polar long-cold climate. The country's landforms are high in the west and low in the east. The total area is 9.980000 square kilometers, of which the coastline is about 240000 kilometers long. As of June 2021, Canada's total population is 38.13 million, and the capital is Ottawa. Canada was originally home to Indians and Inuit people. It became a French colony in the early 17th century and was later ceded to Britain. On July 1, 1867, the British merged the provinces of Canada, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia into a federation, becoming the earliest British Dominion. Since then, other provinces have joined the federation. In 1926, Britain recognized Canada's "equal status" and Canada gained diplomatic independence. In 1931, it became a member of the Commonwealth, and its parliament also obtained equal legislative power with the British Parliament, but still had no power to amend the constitution. In 1982, the Queen of England signed the Canadian Constitution Act, which gave the Canadian Parliament full power to formulate and amend the constitution. Canada is one of the most developed economies in the world, with developed manufacturing, high-tech industries, and service industries. Resource industries, primary manufacturing, and agriculture are the main pillars of the national economy, and the economy continues to grow steadily. Canada is a member of the United Nations (UN), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank (WBG), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Group of Seven (G7), the Group of 20 (G20) and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). The GDP in 2020 was CAD 1,988.7 billion.
Mexico:
The United Mexican States, referred to as "Mexico", is a federal republic in North America, bordering the United States to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south and west. It is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the southeast, Belize and Guatemala, and the Gulf of Mexico to the east. With an area of 1,964,375 square kilometers, it is the fifth largest country in the Americas and the fourteenth largest country in the world. With a population of 123 million (2017), it is the eleventh most populous country in the world and the second most populous country in Latin America. Mexico is one of the ancient cultural centers of Indians on the American continent. It has given birth to the famous Olmec culture, Toltec culture, Teotihuacan culture, Zapotec culture, Mayan culture and Aztec culture, the latter of which developed North America in the pre-Columbian period. The largest country was the Aztec Empire. It became a Spanish colony in 1521. In 1821, after the Mexican War of Independence, the First Mexican Empire was established. In 1823, it was overthrown by a military coup. In 1824, the United Mexican States was established. In 1848, after the Mexican-American War, it was forced to cede nearly one-third of its territory in the north to the United States. In 1863, the Second Mexican Empire was established with the support of France. The Mexican Revolution broke out in 1910, overthrowing the dictatorship, and ultimately led to the formulation of the 1917 Constitution and the establishment of the current political system.
Mexico is a free market economy with modern industry and agriculture, and the proportion of the private economy has also increased significantly. After the formal establishment of the North American Free Trade Area in 1994, trade and investment exchanges between Mexico and the United States increased rapidly, which greatly promoted economic development and increased national income. On June 17, 2020, the United Nations General Assembly held a vote to elect Mexico to become a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council from 2021 to 2022.
Russian Empire:
The Russian Empire, generally referred to as "Tsarist Russia" in Chinese, calls itself the "Third Rome". It was the Russian state from the coronation of Peter I as emperor in 1721 until the abdication of Nicholas II in 1917. It is also the last monarchy in Russian history, ruled by the Romanov dynasty. In 1547, Grand Duke Ivan IV of Muscovy was crowned Tsar. After Peter I won the Great Northern War against the Kingdom of Sweden in 1721, he was awarded the title of "Emperor of All Russia" by the Russian Senate on October 22, and Russia officially became an empire in the true sense. It became even more powerful during the reign of Catherine II in the mid-to-late 18th century. The empire reached its peak during the reign of Alexander I. He participated in the anti-French alliance against Napoleon and became the leader of the Holy Alliance after the war. He has long served as the "European gendarme". It was not until the defeat in the Crimean War in the mid-19th century that the shortcomings of Russia's serfdom system became apparent. Its economy and industrialization lagged behind other European powers. Alexander II reformed Russia's serfdom system in 1861, but it was not thorough. In 1904, it failed again in the Russo-Japanese War. Participating in World War I in 1914 directly led to the February Revolution of 1917. Nicholas II signed an abdication statement and the Russian Empire fell. The Russian Empire divided Poland three times in the 18th century and defeated the Ottoman Empire twice. Before World War I, the Russian Empire became a large country with more than 20 million square kilometers of land and more than 100 ethnic groups. During the rule of the Russian Empire, a powerful military empire was formed, but it failed to truly solve Russia's poor and backward living conditions, and serfdom could not be truly abolished. Orthodoxy as a religious element was one of the most important components of the Russian Empire.
The Bahamas:
The Bahamas, referred to as the Bahamas, is an island country located on the west coast of the Atlantic Ocean. The Bahamas is located east of Florida in the United States, north of Cuba and the Caribbean Sea, opposite the southeastern coast of Florida, and north of Cuba. The Bahamas contains 700 islands and cays. The archipelago extends from northwest to southeast, with a length of 1,220 kilometers and a width of 96 kilometers, with a land area of 13,878 square kilometers. It is composed of more than 700 islands (of which 30 are inhabited) and more than 2,400 coral reefs. The total land area (including waters) is 259,000 square kilometers. It has a subtropical climate with an average annual temperature of 23.5°C. From 300 to 400 AD, there were Indians living in the Bahamas. It is the place where Columbus landed on his first voyage to America in 1492. It was occupied by the British in 1649 and declared a colony by the British in 1717. In 1783, Britain and Spain signed the Treaty of Versailles, officially establishing it as a British territory. Internal autonomy was implemented in 1964. It declared independence on July 10, 1973 and became a member of the Commonwealth.
Cuba:
The Republic of Cuba, referred to as Cuba. The name of the country comes from the Taíno word "coabana", which means "fertile land" and "good place". It is an island country in the northern Caribbean Sea of North America. Havana is the economic and political center and capital of Cuba. Cuba is the largest island in the Greater Antilles and is known as the "Key to the Gulf of Mexico." The island of Cuba resembles a crocodile and is also known as the "green crocodile of the Caribbean." In 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered the island of Cuba. In 1510, the Spanish expeditionary force conquered Cuba and colonized it. Two Cuban independence wars broke out in 1868 and 1895. After the Spanish-American War in 1898, it was occupied by the United States. In 1902, the United States supported the establishment of the "Republic of Cuba". The following year, the United States forcibly leased two naval bases. In 1933 the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista came to power. On January 1, 1959, Fidel Castro led the rebel army to overthrow Batista's rule and establish a socialist system.