Abstract
It has been a long time since college graduates started to start their own businesses sporadically, while innovation and entrepreneurship education rose quietly in some colleges and universities in the 199s. For more than 1 years, this work has gradually attracted the attention of colleges and universities. Innovation and entrepreneurship education can be divided into three stages. Before 22, colleges and universities spontaneously explored. From 22 to 21, the multi-exploration stage under the guidance of the education administrative department, In response, the Ministry of Education issued the Opinions of the Ministry of Education on Promoting Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities and College Students' Self-employment, requiring provincial education administrative departments to actively coordinate with relevant departments, introduce local policies and measures to promote college students' self-employment, and focus on supporting college students' self-employment. In addition, colleges and universities are required to introduce policies and measures to promote students' self-employment, and effectively support a group of college students to achieve self-employment. This paper will analyze the relevant policies and make corresponding solutions;
Keywords: entrepreneurship policy for college graduates
1 Introduction
1.1 Research object
Relevant policies adopted by the current government for college graduates.
The road of college students' entrepreneurship is characterized by originality, reality, diversity, arduousness and risk. In our country, college students' entrepreneurial time is several decades later than that of European and American countries. Entrepreneurship, which belongs to pioneering work, is the most difficult thing to teach in life knowledge and needs no advice at all. If we don't stick to traditional ideas, don't be conservative, but stick to our own stable cognitive system, and be good at adopting correct ideas, assumptions, methods and programs according to the laws of things, then we will find a way that suits us, so we have diversity; Here, this paper will focus on the analysis of the current situation of college students' entrepreneurship and government policies.
1.2 research objectives
through sorting out and summarizing the relevant entrepreneurial policies adopted by the government for college graduates at present, we can further understand, study and analyze the current policies of college graduates, and propose solutions to the existing problems through relevant contents.
2 Current situation of college students' entrepreneurship
From March 29th to April 1st, 23, the National Fair for Employment Exchange and Cooperation of Vocational and Technical Talents was held in Guangzhou. Experts predicted at the meeting that the employment rate of college graduates in China will be around 7% in 23, and 64, graduates will be unable to find jobs. By 24, this number will reach 75 thousand. Professor Xiao Zhuoji, a famous economist, pointed out when attending the 23 logistics world annual meeting in Guangzhou? In 23, the unemployment situation showed a new feature, that is, college students were unemployed. ? That is, from this year on, the unemployment problem of college students began to be solved by? Quantitative change? Turn? Qualitative change? It has become a topic of general concern in society.
according to statistics, there were 2.8 million college graduates in 24, 3.4 million in 25, 4.1 million in 26, 4.95 million in 27 and 5.59 million in 28. At the end of 28, according to the estimation of the Academy of Social Sciences, 1 million undergraduate graduates will be unemployed after graduation this year.
in 26, the first batch of graduate students graduated after the country implemented the policy of expanding enrollment of graduate students. These graduate students joined the employment force, which virtually raised the employment threshold. A large-scale employment expectation survey conducted by Yingcai. com in conjunction with many colleges and universities for master students, undergraduates and junior college students in 27 shows that? The employment situation is not good and the employment pressure is high? The proportion is as high as 67%, and 29% of students think? The employment situation is grim and it is very difficult to find employment? . Only 4% of students think? The employment situation is good, and the employment pressure is not great? Of all the students who participated in the survey, no one thought? The employment situation is very good? .
Second, the characteristics of college students' entrepreneurship in China
The difficulty of college students' employment and the large number of unemployed people have become an unchangeable reality. However, most college students who enter the society have to rely on themselves to support themselves. Therefore, it is so urgent to find a job that suits them. In this way, we can't find a job in reality, but we must have a job. How can we solve this almost paradoxical situation?
in recent years,? College students start their own businesses? The word "self-employment" has become a common occurrence. In such a difficult situation, some people have begun to learn to start their own businesses. College students' entrepreneurship in China originated from the first Tsinghua University Graduate School in 1997? Tsinghua University Business Plan Competition? . In 1999, the second Tsinghua University Business Plan Competition became even more popular. After that, some colleges and universities all over the country also organized their own entrepreneurial competitions. At present, there are well-known domestic business plan competitions, such as the campus business competition represented by Tsinghua University, organized by the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League? Challenge Cup? College students' business plan competition, Zhongguancun? Provincial and municipal business plan competitions and business plan competitions sponsored by network companies such as Netease. As a student association in colleges and universities, entrepreneurial associations also came into being. Especially nationwide? Challenge Cup? The Entrepreneurship Competition has been successfully held for nine times, with more than 1 participating institutions. In the continuous entrepreneurial practice, Chinese college students' entrepreneurship has formed its own characteristics:
(1) High enthusiasm, but low proportion of actual entrepreneurship
Since college students came into contact with and learned about college students' entrepreneurship, their entrepreneurial passion has gradually increased, and the speed and number of entrepreneurs have increased rapidly. College students in China have a strong desire to start a business, but the proportion of actually participating in entrepreneurship is still very low.
(2) Low conversion rate of science and technology
Among domestic entrepreneurial students, a large number of them are engaged in low-tech industries such as tutoring, retail, service industry, etc. Even entrepreneurs involved in the network are concentrated in website maintenance without product design, development and production.
(3) The social and cultural foundation of entrepreneurship is weak
College students' entrepreneurship has not won the full recognition and support of society, families and schools, and there are not many universities and parents who explicitly encourage college students to start their own businesses. There are few college students who publicize entrepreneurship to the society or entrepreneurs who publicize entrepreneurship to colleges and universities, which makes the public opinion atmosphere of entrepreneurship not strong.
objectively speaking, the road of college students' entrepreneurship has the characteristics of pioneering, reality, diversity, arduousness and risk. In our country, college students' entrepreneurial time is several decades later than that of European and American countries. Entrepreneurship, which belongs to pioneering work, is the most difficult thing to teach in life knowledge and needs no advice at all. For you, other people's roads only play a role of reference and reference, so they are groundbreaking; It is far from enough for entrepreneurs to have the enthusiasm for starting a business. If they want to open up a new world, they must calmly, rationally and objectively analyze all possible realistic factors and explore step by step, so it is realistic. The road to entrepreneurship belongs to oneself, and there is only one road that suits you best. As long as we don't stick to traditional ideas, don't be conservative, < P > but stick to our own stable cognitive system, and be good at adopting correct ideas, assumptions, methods and schemes according to the changing laws of things, then we will find a way that suits us, so we have diversity; Entrepreneurship is different from employment. Choosing entrepreneurship means choosing challenges. Entrepreneurship is by no means a straight, broad and unimpeded road before us, so it is arduous; There is no effective way to start a business. Therefore, the entrepreneurial road can't be successful every time, everyone can't be successful, sometimes it may be ineffective, and sometimes it will cause great losses, so it is very risky. 3 entrepreneurship-related policies The state has issued five policies to help college students find jobs and encourage self-employment
1. Encourage college graduates to work in grassroots and hard-working areas, and enrich urban communities and rural township grassroots units. Recruit volunteers from college graduates to serve in township-level education, health, agricultural technology, poverty alleviation and other units in poverty-stricken counties in western China for two years.
second, encourage all kinds of enterprises and institutions, especially small and medium-sized enterprises and private enterprises to employ college graduates.
Third, encourage college graduates to start their own businesses and find jobs flexibly. Provide tax incentives and small loans, organize entrepreneurship training, business guidance, policy consultation, project demonstration and follow-up counseling and other services.
fourth, do a good job in employment guidance and service. Establish and improve the employment service information network for college students, and provide services such as career introduction and career guidance.
v. implementation? Vocational qualification training project for graduates of higher vocational colleges? , vocational skills training and skill appraisal for fresh graduates of higher vocational colleges who need training.
Measures for the Administration of Enterprise Loan Guarantee for College Students in Xuzhou
I. Objects and Conditions of Guarantee
(I) The objects of fund guarantee are students in ordinary colleges and universities and students within five years after graduation (including junior college students, undergraduates, master students and doctoral students), who start their own businesses after obtaining the Enterprise Certificate of Xuzhou College Students, and the place of registration and tax payment relationship of the enterprises are in Xuzhou urban area. Focus on supporting enterprises in the College Students Pioneer Park.
(2) To apply for a guarantee for a college student's entrepreneurial loan, the following conditions should be met at the same time:
1. Have the basic skills needed to run an entrepreneurial project, and have obtained various licenses required by the project operation; 2 individuals and their spouses have no bad credit records and economic violations, and no major economic disputes are involved; 3. There are no outstanding financial debts due in financial institutions;
4 can provide effective counter-guarantee according to the provisions of college students' entrepreneurial loan guarantee.
ii. amount and duration of guarantee
(1) the amount of guarantee for business start-up loans is determined according to the actual capital demand of business start-up projects, and the amount of loan guarantee shall not exceed 8, yuan in principle.
(2) The guarantee period is generally one year, and the longest is no more than two years. In principle, it will not be extended after expiration. If it is really necessary to extend the period, the loan applicant shall apply, and the cooperative bank may extend the period once on the premise that the loan applicant can repay the principal and interest of the debt in time within the extension period, but the extension period shall not exceed one year. Measures for granting subsidies for college students' entrepreneurial housing < P > I. Subsidy standards and duration < P > (I) The housing subsidy standard is 2 yuan per person per month.
(2) The maximum period for granting housing subsidies shall not exceed three years.
II. Sources of funds
The housing subsidy funds for self-employed college students are allocated by the municipal finance.
measures for the implementation of special funds for college students' entrepreneurship in Xuzhou
Xuzhou municipal finance arranges 1 million yuan of funds every year to help qualified college students start businesses in urban areas.
I. Types of funding
Entrepreneurship funding includes free funding for enterprise projects, discount interest on commercial loans, tax refund, economic subsidies and incentives for pre-entrepreneurship training. Applicants can choose their own funding methods and apply according to their own entrepreneurial requirements. No duplicate application can be made between enterprise project free subsidy and commercial loan discount. Students or graduates who have been funded by municipal and district financial science and technology funds and special funds for cultural industries may not apply for venture capital again. The maximum number of projects funded by the same enterprise without compensation is two.
II. Measures for Enterprise Tax Refund Subsidy
1. Conditions for Tax Refund Subsidy: (1) The enterprise where the applicant works pays taxes in time and in full in accordance with relevant regulations. (2) Enjoy the tax put into storage during the preferential policy year. (3) truthfully declare the tax refund. (4) Anyone who has handled the tax refund of income and the tax paid in the tax department cannot enjoy the tax refund subsidy.
2. the amount of tax refund subsidy: the local retained portion of various taxes collected by the tax authorities shall be fully refunded by the finance at the same level within 5 years from the date of registration.
3. Economic subsidy standard for practical training: during the actual training time, each person will be given a monthly economic subsidy in 4 yuan. The subsidy period generally does not exceed 3 months. Those who have enjoyed employment training subsidies may not enjoy them repeatedly. According to the number of practical college students, 1 yuan's training fee subsidy is given to each person in the practical training base, and the subsidy is mainly used for training tutor allowance and training cost subsidy.
4 Summary In recent years, colleges and universities have taken a series of measures to promote college students' entrepreneurship education, but its development status is not optimistic. In terms of theoretical research, the theoretical research on entrepreneurship education is still scattered and unsystematic, only scattered in theoretical aspects such as all-round development education, subject education, quality education, innovative education, employment and entrepreneurship, and lacks centralized, systematic and comprehensive research on entrepreneurship education. In addition, the theoretical research of colleges and universities is not systematic, and the lack of self-entrepreneurship, little contact with enterprises in society and lack of entrepreneurial experience directly leads to the defects in education and teaching. Finally, the lack of students' entrepreneurship education, weak entrepreneurial awareness and insufficient entrepreneurial ability also lead to less independent entrepreneurship and lower success rate.
College students' entrepreneurship education is not only a problem in the field of education, but also a subject facing the society, which requires not only the reform of education and teaching, but also the reform of social management system. The employment problem of college students can be effectively solved by increasing entrepreneurship education and improving students' entrepreneurial ability. At the same time, it also needs the cooperation of social management system to create conditions that are conducive to and can promote entrepreneurship and attract students to start businesses. This is of great significance to the country, society and individuals.
Due to the traditional habits in China, most students enjoy the favor of their parents and are used to accepting the jobs they get. Due to the historical inertia, the complexity of society and the limitations of their own conditions, college students are facing difficulties and risks by themselves. However, the times have given them expectations and responsibilities, and to achieve the future, they have to break out of their own sky.
New things can only thrive when the sun shines. Social support is essential for college students to start their own businesses. The relevant policies of the state and the active encouragement of schools are constantly improving the new entrepreneurial environment and nourishing the immature entrepreneurship of college students? Miao? . I believe that the investment of the state in college students' entrepreneurship and the in-depth practice of college students' entrepreneurship education, with the support of this series of solid foundations, the young tree of college students' entrepreneurship will surely flourish and grow smoothly.
Reference
Research on College Students' Entrepreneurship Wang Pingyun Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology Library, 27 Guide to College Students' Entrepreneurship
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