Associating positive emotions with learning and preventing the growth of negative emotions can promote learning. Strong interest in learning is closely related to efficiency and can stimulate interest in learning from curiosity and desire for knowledge. The following is a summary of the knowledge points that must be tested in the first-year high school political examination that I have compiled for you. I hope you will like it!
A summary of the knowledge points that must be tested in the first-year high school political examination 1
1. The constituent elements of a sovereign state: Population, territory, political power, and sovereignty are indispensable elements that constitute a sovereign state, among which sovereignty is the life and soul of the state.
2. What are the basic rights and obligations of a sovereign state?
Rights: right to independence; right to equality; right to self-defense; jurisdiction
Obligations: non-infringement Other countries have the obligation not to interfere in other countries’ internal affairs and to resolve their international disputes by peaceful means
3. What are the purposes, principles and functions of the United Nations?
Purpose: Simply put, it is to maintain international peace. and security, and promote international cooperation and development.
Principle: All member states have sovereign equality, fulfill their obligations stipulated in the constitution, resolve international disputes by peaceful means, shall not threaten or use force against other countries, cooperate collectively, not interfere in the internal affairs of any country, and ensure Non-member states adhere to the above principles.
Role:
(1) Playing an active role in maintaining world peace and security, promoting economic and social development, and implementing humanitarian assistance
(2) Limitations: How to adapt to the needs of the development of the international situation and play a greater role faces many challenges, and reform has a long way to go.
4. What is the relationship between China and the United Nations?
As a founding member of the United Nations and one of the permanent members of the Security Council, China has always followed the purposes and principles of the United Nations Constitution and supported the spirit of the United Nations Constitution. work, support the reform of the United Nations, actively participate in activities of the United Nations and its specialized agencies that are conducive to world peace and development, and play an important role.
5. The determinant of international relations: national interests
Safeguarding national interests is the starting point and end point of a sovereign country’s foreign activities.
Common interests between countries are the basis of national cooperation, while antagonism of interests is the root cause of conflicts between countries.
6. Why and how to resolutely safeguard our country’s interests?
Reason: Our country is a socialist country in which the people are the masters of the country, and the national interests are consistent with the fundamental interests of the people. To safeguard our country's national interests is to safeguard the fundamental interests of the people, which is legitimate and just.
Attitude: While safeguarding its own interests, our country respects the legitimate national interests of other countries and safeguards the common interests of the people of all countries.
7. The theme of today’s era: peace and development
The main obstacles to peace and development: hegemonism and power politics
Effective solutions to world peace and development issues Way? (How to maintain world peace and promote world development?)
(1) We must resolutely oppose hegemonic power politics
(2) Change the old international order
(3) Establish a new international order that is conducive to world peace and development based on the Five Basic Principles of Peace and Security.
8. The essence of today’s international competition is the competition of comprehensive national strength based on economy and science and technology.
9. my country’s foreign policy
1) What is it: an independent foreign policy of peace.
2) The decisive factors in formulating my country’s foreign policy: Our country’s national nature and national interests determine that our country pursues an independent foreign policy of peace
3) The purpose of my country’s foreign policy: maintaining world peace, Promote common development
4) What are the basic contents of my country’s foreign policy?
(1) The basic goals of my country’s foreign policy: safeguard my country’s independence and sovereignty, and promote world peace and development
(2) The basic stance of our country’s foreign policy: independence
(3) The basic principles of our country’s foreign policy: the Five Principles of Peace and Security. It includes mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial sovereignty, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence.
10. How does China pursue the path of peaceful development?
(1) We must actively develop foreign relations and strive to create a favorable international environment for my country's reform, opening up, and modernization.
(2) We must develop relations with other countries around the world on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful International Cooperation, continuously develop good-neighborly and friendly relations with neighboring countries, and strengthen unity and cooperation with developing countries.
(3) We must resolutely fight against hegemonism and power politics and never seek hegemony.
Summary and summary of the knowledge points required for the first-year high school political examination 2
People’s democratic dictatorship: the essence is that the people are the masters of the country
1. True and broad democracy
(1) State: The state is a tool for class rule by the economically dominant class, and class nature is the fundamental attribute of the state.
(2) The nature of our country: The People's Republic of China is a socialist country under the people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants.
(3) Characteristics of the people's democratic dictatorship: Democracy is exercised over the people who make up the vast majority of the country's population, and dictatorship is exercised over a very small number of hostile elements who are hostile to and sabotage the cause of socialism.
The advantages of democracy: extensiveness (shown in the broad range of democratic rights and democratic subjects) and authenticity (shown in the fact that the people’s right to be the masters of the country is guaranteed by institutions, laws and materials, and the people can Managing the country by oneself is also reflected in the fact that with the development of the economy and social progress, the interests of the broad masses of the people are increasingly fully realized)
(4) A new type of dictatorship: a very small number of people who are hostile to and undermine the cause of socialism The hostile elements implemented a dictatorship.
(5) The essence of the people’s democratic dictatorship is that the people are the masters of the country
(6) The relationship between democracy and dictatorship: On the one hand, democracy and dictatorship are different and opposed to each other. Democracy only It applies within the people, while dictatorship applies to hostile forces. On the other hand, democracy and dictatorship complement each other and are preconditions for each other. Democracy is the foundation of dictatorship, and dictatorship is the guarantee of democracy.
2. Upholding the people’s democratic dictatorship is a just matter (the meaning of upholding the people’s democratic dictatorship)
(1) Upholding the people’s democratic dictatorship is the foundation of our country
< p> (2) Upholding the people’s democratic dictatorship is the political guarantee for socialist modernization (P7) (Only by fully developing socialist democracy, ensuring the people’s status as masters of the country, ensuring that the people enjoy extensive rights and freedoms in accordance with the law, and respecting and protecting human rights , can we mobilize the enthusiasm of the people to devote themselves to socialist modernization. Only by adhering to the country’s dictatorial functions and attacking all hostile forces and elements that undermine socialist construction can we protect people’s democracy and maintain long-term peace and stability in the country. )(3) Adherence to the people’s democratic dictatorship has been given a new era and new content under reform and opening up (including: national functions serving socialist economic construction; creating a good domestic and international environment for reform, opening up and socialist modernization; attaching importance to the rule of law Construction, governing the country in accordance with the Constitution and laws; developing people's democracy and strengthening the construction of democratic systems)
(4) Adhering to the people's democratic dictatorship is a just thing
The first-year high school political examination must be carried out. Summary and summary of knowledge points in the exam 3
1. Knowledge review
In recent years, with the improvement of people’s living standards and quality of life, green pollution-free vegetables have become popular, and their prices The price is much higher than that of ordinary vegetables, and it continues to rise.
Please use the knowledge you have learned about economic life to analyze the main reasons for the price changes of green and pollution-free vegetables.
2. Independent learning
(1) Impact on people’s lives
1. Changes caused by price changes
Generally speaking It is said that when the price of a certain commodity rises, people will buy it; when the price of this commodity drops, people will buy it.
2. Different commodities reflect price changes to varying degrees.
The impact of price changes on the demand for daily necessities and the demand for high-end durable goods.
3. Consumer demand for a given commodity is not only affected by price changes;
⑴Meaning
①It means that they are substitutes for each other.
②Complementary goods refer to.
⑵ Impact:
① Among two commodities that can be substituted for each other, if the price of one commodity rises, consumers will shift their demand for the commodity to consume the other. A good leads to the demand for another good. Conversely, when the price of one commodity falls, consumers will demand that commodity, resulting in demand for another commodity.
② Among commodities with complementary relationships, an increase in the price of one commodity will not only increase the demand for that commodity, but also increase the demand for another commodity; conversely, a decrease in the price of one commodity will An increase in demand will cause the demand for another commodity to follow.
(2) Impact on production and operation
1. Adjustment
Fill in the following table to explain the adjustment effect of price changes on production.
(2) Impact on production and operation
1. Adjustment
Fill in the following table to explain the adjustment effect of price changes on production.
④ Oversupply
① Decreased profits
② Increased profits
③ Supply exceeds demand
2. Increase
Purpose: To shorten the time it takes to produce goods and provide its own products, giving it more advantages in price competition and even survival competition.
3. Promote
Purpose: to get bigger and get more from it.
3. Teacher’s lectures
Test point 1: The impact of price changes on people’s lives
What is the impact of price changes on people’s lives?
< p> ① Generally speaking, when prices rise, purchases decrease; when prices fall, purchases increase.② Price changes have a relatively small impact on the demand for daily necessities, but a relatively large impact on the demand for high-end durable consumer goods.
③ Among substitutes, an increase in the price of one commodity leads to an increase in the demand for another commodity; a decrease in the price of one commodity leads to a decrease in the demand for another commodity. Among complementary goods, an increase in the price of one commodity will decrease the demand for the other commodity; a decrease in the price of one commodity will cause an increase in the demand for the other commodity.
Test point 2: The impact of price changes on production
What is the impact of price changes on production and operations?
① Adjust production. When there is an oversupply of a certain commodity in the market, the price of the commodity drops and the profit of the producer decreases. At this time, the producer will reduce the scale of production and reduce output. When the supply of a commodity exceeds demand, the price of the commodity rises and the profit of the producer increases. At this time, the producer will expand the scale of production and increase output.
②Improve labor productivity. Only by improving labor productivity can enterprises shorten the individual labor hours required to produce goods and provide room for price reductions for their products, giving them greater advantages in price competition and even survival competition.
③Produce high-quality products that are marketable. Consumers buy goods to gain use value. In a market economy, whichever producer can provide products of good quality or that other companies cannot produce will be able to gain a larger market share and make more profits from it.
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