"Historical Records·Confucius' Family" (Historical Records Volume 47·Confucius' Family No. 17)
Confucius was born in Zou Yi, Ping Township, Lu Chang. His predecessor was from the Song Dynasty, and his name was Kong Fangshu. Uncle Fang gave birth to Bo Xia, and Bo Xia gave birth to uncle Liang He. He had a wild union with Yan's daughter and gave birth to Confucius. He prayed to Niqiu and got Confucius. Confucius was born in the twenty-second year of Duke Xiang of Lu. He was born with his head on the top of the polder, so he was named Qiu Yun. The courtesy name is Zhongni and the surname is Kong.
Qiu was born and his uncle Liang He died and was buried in Fangshan. Fangshan is located in the east of Lu, so Confucius suspected that his father's tomb was located, and his mother kept it secret. When Confucius was playing with his children, he often laid out beans and arranged rituals. When Confucius's mother died, it was the funeral of his five fathers, which was a sign of caution. The people of Li took Confucius' mother to his father's tomb, and then buried them together in Fangyan. Confucius wanted to marry Ji, and Confucius went with him. Yang Huqiu said: "The Ji family's food ministers would not dare to eat their own children." Confucius then retreated.
In the seventeenth year of Confucius, Meng Lizi, a doctor of Lu, fell ill and died. He warned his heir Yizi: "Confucius, after the saints, perished in the Song Dynasty. How did his ancestor Fu Fu have the Song Dynasty and succeed him?" Duke Li, and his fathers Zuo Dai, Wu, and Duke Xuan, all have three orders of merit, so the inscription on the tripod reads: "If you get one order, you will stoop, if you order another order, you will stoop, if you have three orders, you will bend down, and you will not dare to walk along the wall." I'm sorry. So I left my porridge to eat. '
This is how he behaves. I heard that although the saints are not in this world, there will be those who are good at etiquette when they are young. "I'm not here, but I must learn from him." After Lizi died, Yizi went to learn etiquette from Nangong Shu, a native of Lu. At that year, Ji Wuzi died, and Pingzi succeeded him.
Translation:
Confucius was born in Zouyi, Changping Township, Lu State. His ancestor was from the Song Dynasty, named Uncle Kong Fang. Uncle Kong Fang gave birth to Bo Xia, and Bo Xia gave birth to his uncle Liang He. Uncle Lianghe and Yan's daughter gave birth to Confucius by not following the rituals. They prayed to a nun and got Confucius. Confucius was born in the 22nd year of Duke Xiang of Lu. Confucius was born with a hollow in the middle of his head, so he was named Qiu, his given name was Zhongni, and his surname was Kong.
After Confucius was born, Shu Lianghe died and was buried in Fangshan. Fangshan was to the east of the capital of Lu, so Confucius didn't know the location of his father's tomb. Confucius' mother didn't know either, so she hid the matter. Confucius played games when he was a child. He often displayed various ritual utensils and practiced etiquette movements. When Confucius' mother passed away, he first parked her coffin in the Five Fathers' Crossing. This was out of Confucius' prudent consideration.
The mother who was from Zouyi told Confucius the location of his father's tomb. After that, Confucius sent his mother's coffin to Fangshan for burial. Confucius was in mourning with a hemp belt around his waist. At this time, the Ji family hosted a banquet for scholars, and Confucius went with him. Yang Hu rebuked Confucius and said, "Ji's party is for scholars. No one has invited you." Confucius therefore withdrew.
When Confucius was seventeen years old, Meng Lizi, a senior official in the state of Lu, was critically ill. Before his death, he warned his son Yizi: "Confucius is a descendant of a saint, and his ancestors were destroyed in the Song Dynasty. His ancestor Fufu He originally succeeded as the king of the Song Dynasty, but gave way to his younger brother Li Gong.
When his other ancestor was Kaofu, he served as Duke Dai of Song, Duke Wu of Song, and Duke Xuan of Song. , each time you receive an order, you are more respectful than the last, so the inscription on Zheng Kao's Ding says: "Bow down to receive the first appointment, bend down to receive the second appointment, bow your head to receive the third appointment, and walk quickly when walking." , and no one dared to bully me; I just made some dough and porridge in this cauldron to survive.
He is so respectful and thrifty. I heard that the descendants of saints may not be kings. , but there will definitely be people with outstanding talents and virtues. Now that Confucius is young and courteous, isn’t he a person with outstanding talents and virtues? If I die, you must take him as your teacher.
After Meng Lizi died, Meng Yizi and Nangong Jingshu from Lu State went to Confucius to learn etiquette. In this year, Ji Wuzi died, and Pingzi succeeded to the throne.
Extended information:
"The Family of Confucius" is a classical Chinese essay written by Sima Qian, a historian of the Western Han Dynasty, and is included in "Historical Records". Confucius, who studied under Laozi, was a famous thinker in ancient my country who learned and absorbed the civilization and knowledge of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. He was a great educator and the founder of Confucianism.
"The Family of Confucius" is one of Sima Qian's "Historical Records". It describes Confucius' life activities and achievements in various aspects in detail. It is a good study of Confucius. One of the most important documents of life and thought.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Confucius Family